Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of school children regarding Environmental sanitation and prevention of dengue fever in terms of pre-test and post test knowledge, attitude and practice scores and to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice of school children regarding environmental sanitation and prevention of dengue fever by comparing pre-test and post-test knowledge scores.

Methodology: A quantitative approach with pre experimental one group pretest post test design was adopted for the study. The samples from the selected primary schools of rural areas of Belagavi district were selected using convenient sampling technique. The sample consisted of 50 primary school children. The tools used for data collection was knowledge questionnaire and structured practice scale.

Results: The study result reveal that, With regard to pre test level of knowledge it shows that, maximum 27(54%) respondents were having average knowledge, 17 (34%) respondents were having poor knowledge and remaining 6(12%) of respondents were having good knowledge and during post-test maximum 34(68%) of respondents were having average knowledge and 16(32%) of respondents were had good knowledge. With regard to pre test level of practice it shows that, majority 25(50%) respondents were having moderate practice, 21(42%) of respondents were having poor practice and remaining 4(8%) were having good practice. During post-test maximum 39 (78%) of respondents were having moderate practice, 6(12%) of respondents were had good practice and 5(10%) of respondents were had poor practice. The statistical paired‘t’ implies that the difference in the pretest and post-test value was found statistically significant at 5% level (p<0.05) with a paired ‘t’ value of 13.84 and 13.22 for knowledge and practice respectively. There exists a statistical significance in the difference of knowledge score indicating the positive impact of structured teaching program.

Conclusion: The overall pretest knowledge and practice of primary school students regarding environmental sanitation and prevention of dengue fever were average and moderate respectively. There is a need for teaching program regarding environmental sanitation and dengue fever among primary school children.