Background: Global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts are facing the additional challenge of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a significant public health issue that considerably determines the ongoing TB control efforts in India. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of MDR-TB among tuberculosis patients in Govt. hospital at Puducherry.

Methods: The quantitative research approach was adopted for the study. Based on descriptive design the study was conducted in selected Government Hospital at Puducherry. The study was conducted among40 non-compliance TB cases. The samples were selected by using Purposive Sampling Technique. Based on structured questionnaire, the data were collected among noncompliance patient affected with tuberculosis.

Results: The findings of the study reveals that there is a significant association found between patients with TB related factors with P<0.05 such as gender in association with patient who continually lived with previous history MDR-TB and site of TB Infection during first course of treatment (0.016) and (0.0460) respectively; age in association with smear positive during first course of Treatment and habit of smoking(0.048) and (0.004) respectively, level of education and counseling given by health worker to TB patients (0.033), Occupation in association with drug side effect (Vomiting), interrupted Anti TB treatment for atleast a day and reason for interruption for atleast a day (0.027), (0.054) and (0.02) respectively. From the findings of the study to achieve the integrated tuberculosis treatment success rate as per WHO target, the obstacle as mentioned to be managed and to provide standardized facility to achieve medications and mobilization of resources for the treatment will avoid the occurrence of MDR-TB.

Conclusion: India has set an ambitious goal of TB elimination by 2025. The large burden of MDR-TB will limit progress towards that goal. Rarely, does the ‘prevention is better than cure’ carry as much weight as it does with MDR-TB. We believe that a multipronged strategy focusing on improving diagnostic capacity, guaranteeing high-quality treatment and preventing transmission will be central to meeting the challenge of MDR-TB in India.