Cerebrovascular disease: A comprehensive overview of condition, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing intervention plans
Abdalurhman Abdulaziz Almubarak, Khalid Obid Abdullah Alruki, Mohammed Menwer Alruwaili, Hatim Bunaydir Bader Aimutairi, Hassan Duairam Thawab Al-Shahrani and Abdulhadi Ali Alqahtani
Background: Cerebrovascular disease, primarily manifesting as stroke, is a leading cause of adult disability and the fifth leading cause of death globally. Approximately 85% of strokes are ischemic, with modifiable risk factors such as hypertension playing a pivotal role. Advances in diagnostic imaging and acute interventions have significantly improved outcomes in ischemic stroke management.
Aim: To provide a comprehensive overview of ischemic stroke etiology, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and associated nursing intervention plans.
Methods: A detailed review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and management strategies for ischemic strokes was conducted. Emphasis was placed on treatment advancements, including thrombolytic therapy, mechanical thrombectomy, and targeted stroke prevention strategies. The critical role of nursing interventions in acute care and long-term rehabilitation was also explored.
Results: Evidence highlights the importance of timely interventions, including intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) within 4.5 hours and mechanical thrombectomy within 6–24 hours for select patients. Advanced imaging techniques enable precise localization and differentiation between ischemic penumbra and infarct core. Nursing interventions such as monitoring vitals, ensuring medication adherence, and coordinating multidisciplinary rehabilitation significantly contribute to improved outcomes.
Conclusion: Effective ischemic stroke management hinges on early recognition, prompt treatment, and comprehensive post-stroke care. Nursing interventions are critical across all stages of patient care, from acute management to rehabilitation, emphasizing patient education, secondary prevention, and support for functional recovery.
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